Day 1

- Power and authority: Rome began as a republic, a government in which elected officials represent the people. Eventually, absolute rulers called emperors seized power and expanded the empire.

- Empire building: At its height, the Roman Empire touched three continents-Europe, Asia, and Africa. For several centuries, Rome brought peace and prosperity to its empire before it eventually collapsed.

- Religious and ethical systems: Out of Judea rose a monotheistic, or single-god, the religion known as Christianity. Based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, it soon spread throughout Rome and beyond.

509 B.C.- Rome becomes a republic
264 B.C.- First Punic war begins
218 B.C.- In the second Punic War Hannibal invades Italy
31 B.C.- Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra
284 A.D.- Diocletian becomes emperor of Rome
476 A.D.- Western Roman Empire falls

Republic: Government in which power rests with the citizens
Patrician: Wealthy landowners that held the most power
Plebian: Common people  like farmers and artisans that made up the majority of the population
Tribune: Protected rights of the plebians from unfair acts of the patricians
Consul: Two officials that were like kings and demanded the army, directed the government but had limited power. One year term
Senate: Aristocratic branch of the government. Both legislative and judicial branches. 300 members
Dictator: Leader who had absolute power over everything
Legion: Roman soldiers were organized into large units called legions. One legion consisted of 5,000 soldiers.
Punic wars: Battles between Rome and Carthage for Italy and the Mediterranean. First was between 264 B.C. and 241 B.C. and Rome won. The next was started in 218 B.C. when Hannibal invaded Italy.
Hannibal: Brilliant military strategist that wanted to revenge Carthage's latest defeat.

2. Consuls could overrule the decisions. They could only have a term of one year and couldn't be voted back in for 10 years. They also controlled the army.

3. The republic was the key characteristic because it was the start of the new government where everyone is equal in power and has a voice. It also set the path for Rome as part of the republic.  

4. The twelve tables were the first set of laws established. Those laws set the path for the future.  They also gave protection to the plebians

5. He trekked from Spain to France to the alps and then on the Italian peninsula. More than half of his men died and so did all of his elephants.

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Phillip II- He was the king of Macedonia and was Alexander the Great's father. He also conquered Greece.


Macedonia- Rough terrain and cold climate. Became THE place after taking over City States.


Alexander the Great- Phillip II's son that conquered many countries. They marched 11,000 miles. He was the strongest and most respected ruler of Macedonia.

Darius III- Ruler of Persia that put up a fight with the Macedonians his reign ended in 332 B.C. 

2) The most significant conquest is Persia.  Alexander was known as Alexander "The Great" after this feat and not only did he gain respect he gained confidence in himself to conquer and destroy many other places.

3) He was able to conquer Greece by using Phalanxes and fast moving formations that the Greeks could not keep up with so they did not retaliate

4) Alexander didnt want his empire to begin to turn weak so he kept up with his quests and journeys to strengthen himself and his empire.

5) After Alexanders death, multiple leaders decided to take it upon themselves to create their own rules, government, and laws. They gave the people no say to what they wanted.

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Direct Democracy-Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly. 

Classical Art- The art from ancient Greece and Rome.  The ancient Greeks excelled in painting, sculpture, and architecture. Their art was elegant.

Tragedy- play dealing with tragic events and having an unhappy ending, usually concludes with the fall of the main character

Comedy- a play characterized by its humorous or satirical tone and its depiction of amusing people or incidents

Peloponnesian War- As Athens grew, it gained more enemies. The Spartans were rivals and attacked them with a strong army. After two years of fighting, Athens gave up and Sparta was in control.  This made Sparta the strongest army in Greece for a long time

Philosopher- Lovers of wisdom

Socrates- A classical Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher of the Western ethical tradition of thought. He was the Socratic Method.

Plato-Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought, First school for thought in the Western World.

Aristotle- philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, the founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of philosophy and Aristotelian tradition. He is known as  "Father of Western Philosophy"

2) Pericles choice to use direct democracy.  I think this because if you look at our government today this is the government style we use and without his choice to enforce we wouldn't have it today.

3) Pericles designed the Delian League

4) Athenians would take advantage of their strong Navy and stay with Water battles instead of land battles to keep their distance from Sparta's army.

5) Socrates ideas may seem alright to us but in Athens, it is a very big problem to make people think outside of the "Athenian/Greek ways"

4-1-19

Left Early for an appointment at the nose doctor was not in class